??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?, ?? ??? ???? ????? ????.???? ??? ??,??,???,??? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????.??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ????. ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ????.??? ?? ?? ??, ??? ??, ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ???, ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????.?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?

?? ???? ??? ??? ????, ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ? ??? ??????.Next, it doesn’t perform. The systematic labeling of Adult men and boys as gang users for donning gang outfits, hanging out with gang customers or just living in a gang place would not reduce gang activity or violence. The seminal report “A Contact to Motion: The Case for Com

? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ????.??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????.?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ???.?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????????

??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ? ? ? ????.??? ?? ?? ??? ??, ?? ?? ? ??, ??? ??/??, ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ? ?? ‘?? ???’?? ??? ??. ?? ‘???’?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ? ???.                (???? ?, ??? ??? ??, , ???? ?? ??)??? ??????

Article Under Review